Across sub-Saharan Africa, where countries have scaled up insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), improved diagnostic tests, and highly effective antimalarial drugs, mortality in children under five years of age has fallen dramatically. The risk of malaria is declining, and it is apparent that the cumulative efforts from the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), national governments, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund), and many other partners are working. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO's) 2013 World Malaria Report, the malaria mortality rates in children under five years of age in Africa were reduced by an estimated 54 percent between 2000 and 2012. Over the same period, the estimated number of malaria cases in all age groups in Africa dropped from 174 million to 165 million, together with a decrease in deaths due to malaria from 802,000 to 562,000. The U.S. Governments financial and technical contributions have played a major role in this remarkable progress.